Digital Substation

Relay protection, SCADA, Metering, and Cybersecurity for electrical infrastructure.

GOOSE (Technology)

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Wireshark Capture Filters for IEC 61850 Traffic: A Digital Substation Engineer's Cheatsheet

A practical reference for capture filters in Wireshark when working with IEC 61850 traffic. Why a display filter is not enough on a digital substation (especially of the process-bus generation), how a capture filter differs from a display filter, how the BPF (Berkeley Packet Filter) syntax is structured, and ready-to-use filter recipes for GOOSE and SV — from selecting by EtherType and OUI to APPID and multicast addresses.

confRev: How Configuration Revisions Can Ruin Communications

8 out of 10 configurators fail to fully recognize SCD files. We analyze the confRev attribute in GOOSE and SV: what happens when the value does not match the expected one, and how this nearly derailed the commissioning of a real project with 43 IEDs.

Top-Down IEC 61850 Engineering: The Five-Step Process, Explained

Top-down IEC 61850 engineering — formalized in TR IEC 61850-90-30:2025 and TR IEC 61850-7-6 (Ed. 2) — moves specification errors from commissioning to the design phase, before a single IED is selected or procured. This article explains the mechanics of the five-step process: what each step produces, what files are exchanged, and why the sequence achieves outcomes the conventional bottom-up approach cannot.

OCL in IEC 61850: Machine-Readable Rules for SCL Validation

XML Schema validation checks structure — it cannot verify that a GOOSE subscription references a valid dataset or that a logical node contains required data objects. Object Constraint Language (OCL) fills that gap. IEC TS 61850-6-3, published in 2025, defines how OCL rules should be written and applied to IEC 61850 XML files, laying the groundwork for consistent, formal SCL validation across tools.

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